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Constanten often replaced McKernan on keyboards in the studio, as McKernan found it difficult to adapt to the new material that Garcia and Lesh composed for the band. In 1967, drummer Mickey Hart joined the Grateful Dead, followed by classically trained keyboardist Tom Constanten in 1968, further changing the group's style.

By the end of 1966, Garcia had improved his musical skills, changing the band's direction and reducing McKernan's contributions. The Dead's early sets centered around blues and R&B covers chosen by McKernan. The group were keen to involve McKernan in the band, as he was the group's original leader and was considered the best singer and frontman. Bassist Phil Lesh joined soon after, and they became the Grateful Dead. Around 1965, McKernan urged the rest of the Warlocks to switch to electric instruments. Drummer Bill Kreutzmann was added and the band evolved into the Warlocks. Grateful Dead ДЄlong with Garcia and second guitarist Bob Weir, McKernan was a participant in the predecessor groups leading to the formation of the Grateful Dead, beginning with the Zodiacs and Mother McCree's Uptown Jug Champions. Onomastician Adrian Room has suggested McKernan was given the name due to his untidy and unclean habits and band biographies say he got the nickname owing to his similarity to Pig-Pen, the permanently-dirty character in the comic-strip Peanuts. He was initially nicknamed 'Blue Ron' before settling on 'Pigpen'. Garcia was impressed and McKernan became the blues singer in local jam sessions. One night Garcia invited McKernan on stage to play harmonica and sing the blues. McKernan began spending time around coffeehouses and music stores, and worked at Dana Morgan's Music Store in Palo Alto with Garcia. He built up a substantial collection of old blues 78s from labels such as Kent and Chess. McKernan moved to Palo Alto, California, with his family, where he became friends with musician Jerry Garcia at the age of 14. As a youth, he taught himself blues piano, guitar and harmonica and developed a biker culture image.

Ronald grew up with African American friends and enjoyed black music and culture.

He came from Irish ancestry, and his father, Phil McKernan, was an R&B and blues disc jockey, who had been one of the first white DJs on KDIA, a black radio station. Ronald Charles McKernan was born on September 8, 1945, in San Bruno, California. McKernan was found dead of a gastrointestinal hemorrhage on March 8, 1973, aged 27, and is buried at Alta Mesa Memorial Park in Palo Alto. Following a hiatus, he resumed touring with the group in December 1971 but was forced to retire from touring altogether in June 1972. By 1971, his health had been affected by alcoholism and liver damage and doctors advised him to stop touring. Unlike the other members of the Grateful Dead, McKernan avoided psychedelic drugs, preferring to drink alcohol (namely whiskey and flavored fortified wine). He continued to be a frontman in concert for some numbers, including his interpretations of Bobby Bland's ' Turn On Your Love Light' and the Rascals' ' Good Lovin' '.

McKernan struggled to keep up with the changing music, causing the group to hire keyboardist Tom Constanten, with McKernan's contributions essentially limited to vocals, harmonica, and percussion from November 1968 to January 1970. He was the band's original frontman as well as playing harmonica and electric organ, but Garcia and bassist Phil Lesh's influences on the band became increasingly stronger as they embraced psychedelic rock. After the pair had played in various folk and jug bands, McKernan suggested they form an electric group, which became the Grateful Dead. He began socializing around the San Francisco Bay Area, becoming friends with Jerry Garcia.

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McKernan grew up heavily influenced by African-American music, particularly the blues, and enjoyed listening to his father's collection of records and taught himself how to play harmonica and piano. He was a founding member of the San Francisco band the Grateful Dead and played in the group from 1965 to 1972. Ronald Charles McKernan (September 8, 1945В вЂ“ March 8, 1973), known as Pigpen, was an American singer and musician.

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